If you're new to independent travel, or even if you're not, the need to plan and book everything yourself can some times seem daunting.  You often need to book different parts of the trip separately, and you need to be sure that it will all fit together.  But it's not really difficult.  This page explains how I plan a complex journey and work out a budget for the trip, as you might find the same technique useful.  It pays to plan:

• to make sure your itinerary works logistically.  OK, so it takes 48 hours to reach Moscow, the Moscow-Beijing train only runs on Tuesdays and takes 6 days, the Beijing-Hanoi train only runs on Sundays and Thursdays, and you can probably get 3 weeks off work, will this all fit..?  The only way to be sure is to plan it out for yourself...

• to see if you're happy with how long you get in key places.  Many people want to stop everywhere and see everything, but haven't thought through how long they'll actually get in each place after allowing for travelling time.  Again, plan it out, and if necessary adjust your plans, trading off longer stays in key places for a more relaxed journey against trying to stop everywhere to see everything.

• to plan a budget.  I'm often asked 'How much does a trip like this cost..?'  This is independent travel, not an inclusive package, so it's as long as a piece of string.  Do you want a 30 day trip with 5 star hotels and lots of tours, stopovers and restaurant meals?  Or a 10 day trip, travelling 2nd class, staying in hostels and living on snacks?  The possibilities are endless, and they are all your decision.  The only way to work out costs is to work out an itinerary and a budget yourself and adjust what you want to what you can afford.

• to make sure you book the right trains/ships/buses for the right date.  Obvious, really.  But with independent travel you'll often have to put the trip together yourself, booking each leg of the journey separately via a different agency or website, and it pays to make sure you get it right.

I use Microsoft Excel to build up an itinerary and budget like the one below.  You can use a table in Word or another word processor if you can't use Excel.  The table below is just an example, so please don't read anything into the times, fares or costs.  They are just to demonstrate how to plan a trip, not a real suggested itinerary..!  This example is for a Trans-Siberian trip, but the technique works for any complex journey.

Then add one-off items to the bottom of your table:

• Column A shows the date.  If I need to pre-book any part of my itinerary, I can now book it for the right date...

• Column B shows the days of the week.  If I need to take a train or ferry that only runs on certain days of the week, I can see that I've got the day right..!

• Column C shows a rough idea of what I might do that day.  I can see how long I get in major stops, and can adjust the itinerary if I think it's not long enough.  It can be for planning purposes only - you don't have to stick to it rigidly once you're travelling..!

• Column D shows likely train, bus or ferry costs.  I use rough estimates if I'm not 100% sure.

• Column E shows likely hotel costs.  The hotel cost is zero when I'm on a sleeper train.  I also allow a higher budget in an expensive western city than I would in a cheaper city.  If I know where I want to stay, I enter the actual cost, otherwise I use a rough estimate.

• Column F is for daily spending on food, local transport, normal museum entrance fees and so on.  Some people try and plan a whole trip using a flat 'budget per day' which never changes, but I adjust the amount I budget for depending on whether I'm on a train or in a city, in a western city or a third world city, likely to want a restaurant meal or happy with snacks and so on.

• Column G is for large and predictable one-off costs, like expensive entrance fees to major attractions.  For example, the entrance fee to Petra in Jordan is about 30 Dinar (£30 or $50).  If you've only budgeted for £30 a day to cover everything including food, then that's a problem, but if you've made provision for predictable large one-off costs like this, your budget won't be blown, you won't be stressed, and you won't feel compelled to go without food that day...  It helps to have read your guidebook to anticipate these expenses..!

This planning technique is simply my own method.  Was this helpful..? Let me know what you think..!